In observance of Foot Health Month, Dr. Sunny Pak answers some of the most asked questions about conditions that affect foot health. Dr. Pak is associate medical director at On Lok PACE, a full-service healthcare program that provides medical care and services to low-income seniors, helping them live at home as long as possible. He earned his medical degree from UC Davis and completed his residency in family and preventative medicine at Loma Linda University Medical Center.
Dr. Pak, why is foot health so important?
Most of us are concerned with the health of our heart, lungs, or brain- but forget that our feet carry us every day! Common conditions such as hammertoes, corns, calluses, and foot ulcers can have an impact on our quality of life.
Let's talk about these conditions. What is hammertoe?
A hammertoe usually occurs in the second to fourth toes, when the middle joint of a toe becomes bent, creating a claw-like or hammer-like shape. In the early stages, you may still be able to straighten the toe, but if left untreated, the joint can stiffen and remain permanently bent. The most common cause is wearing ill-fitting shoes, especially narrow or high-heeled shoes that squeeze the toes. It can also result from trauma to the muscles and tendons - like bumping your toe or dropping something heavy on your foot. It may also be linked to conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Can hammertoes be prevented?
Absolutely, and prevention starts with wearing comfortable, properly fitted shoes. Avoid fashion choices that sacrifice comfort. Also, if you notice any unusual change in the shape of your toes or feel discomfort, don't wait to consult a doctor.
What's the difference between corns and calluses?
Calluses are large patches of skin thickened by repeated friction or pressure. They are usually not painful but feel hard and rough. Corns are smaller, but they have a very dense core, making them much more painful - especially when pressed.
What treatments are effective?
Eliminate what's causing friction or pressure. Better fitting footwear often resolves the problem. Choose shoes that have roomy toe boxes, soft soles, and good arch support. Cushioned orthotic insoles can help redistribute pressure. High heels are especially harmful because they push your body weight forward, putting extra pressure onto the ball of your foot and toes. If you must wear heels, avoid walking or standing in them for extended periods of time.
How do foot ulcers develop?
Ulcers usually result from a combination of pressure and inflammation. They are particularly dangerous for people with diabetes. Diabetes can damage the tiny blood vessels and nerves in the feet, so you might not feel pain - even if you have stepped on something sharp and injured yourself. Without prompt treatment, what starts as a minor abrasion can quickly lead to tissue or bone damage. Watch for redness, swelling, or broken skin that doesn't heal.
When is it important to see a doctor?
If you notice persistent foot discomfort, thickened skin, unusual toe shapes, or slow-healing wounds, don't wait. Consult a doctor or podiatrist. Early intervention makes a significant difference. We should all take better care of our feet because healthy steps lead to a healthier life.
